Research infrastructure
You need the right instruments if you want to accomplish great things. Especially when it comes to basic research and the pursuit of long-term scientific goals, research facilities require major investment and considerable effort. Because of their often unique application potential, these large research infrastructures are usually used in a cross-departmental, interdisciplinary way, including international partnerships.
They enable us to look into the most distant galaxies and analyse the smallest particles of matter. They open up new worlds and help to take science forward.
Germany is home to several of these research infrastructures (RIs) of global significance.
© IPP/Wolfgang Filser
What are research infrastructures?
Research infrastructures are major instruments, resources or service facilities for research in all disciplines that stand out because they are of at least national significance and have a long life – as a rule, more than ten years. Access to them is fundamentally open, and their use is arranged on the basis of research quality standards.
The costs of their development and construction are so high that they require substantial national public funds and therefore justify an extensive national decision-making process. They include, for example, marine and polar research vessels, globally organised climate research infrastructures, life sciences networks and platforms for social sciences, humanities and cultural studies.
Research activities
Research activities are conducted in a wide range of disciplines, such as
- Materials science
- Biology
- Biochemistry and medicine
- Energy technology and physics
- Social sciences, humanities and cultural studies
Budget
The Federal Government provides the majority of the funding for large-scale equipment in basic research with an annual budget of over 1.3 billion euros (2019). Research infrastructures are also developed in international collaborative partnerships. International partners contribute to the funding of such infrastructures.
Important research infrastructures
Germany has many large-scale research facilities that are of national, transnational or even global importance. These research infrastructures include accelerators, probes, telescopes, research ships and supercomputers that are also available to researchers from all over the world.
Wendelstein 7-X (see photograph) is one of these research infrastructures. The nuclear fusion plant is the largest and most modern of its type in the world. It is intended to test whether the fusion of light atomic nuclei can be used as a new energy source for humankind. The facility is located in Greifswald, where it is run by the Max Planck Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP).
Additional significant research infrastructures include the facilities outlined below: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ), Polarstern and FLASH, the free-electron laser in Hamburg.
Research infrastructures roadmap
Planning for the future is already underway: Which research infrastructures will be required in the coming years and decades? Which are the most meaningful? Which are urgently needed?
A national roadmap process was launched in 2015 to decide on future research infrastructures. Education and research institutions are invited to contribute ideas on new complex research infrastructures.
On the basis of scientific and economic criteria, independent experts determine which new research infrastructures should be included in the roadmap and receive funding. The selected projects are listed in a National Roadmap for Research Infrastructures (only in German).
New research infrastructures
In 2019 the roadmap incorporated three new projects that aim to contribute towards solving future-relevant and socially important questions in climate research, medicine and materials research. These programmes have therefore joined the list of large-scale infrastructure projects. They have been given strategic and political priority for the research sector, receive extra funding and are scheduled to be built in the near future.
The Ernst Ruska-Centre 2.0 at Forschungszentrum Jülich is to become the national competence centre for high-resolution electron microscopy. In the future, internationally unique electron microscopes will study structures at the atomic and molecular level and help characterise materials of all kinds – from materials for energy transition to molecular strategies for treating previously incurable diseases. The launch of ER-C 2.0 is planned for 2022.
The foundation of the new Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI) in Jena is intended to facilitate new approaches to combating infectious diseases with the aid of innovative light-based diagnostics and therapies. Equipment developers, doctors and manufacturers of medical technology are to work together on processes ranging from the development of technologies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of infections to their use on patients.
ACTRIS-D is the German contribution to a pan-European research infrastructure. It will facilitate the monitoring of aerosols, clouds and short-lived trace gases in the atmosphere and research their complex interactions with the climate, the environment and humans. The Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research in Leipzig is in charge of German ACTRIS research efforts.
European participation
Germany already contributes to the funding of joint international research infrastructures, such as the European Space Agency (ESA), Paris, France; the European Southern Observatory (ESO), Garching, Germany; and the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. Germany provides over 20% of CERN’s budget, making it the largest contributor of funds for this most renowned centre of fundamental physics.
The new National Roadmap for Research Infrastructures also aims to facilitate policy decisions about which European and international research infrastructure projects Germany should participate in.
You can find an overview of important scientific research infrastructures here: www.fis-landschaft.de (only in German).
DESY – Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
Founded in 1959, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) is an internationally renowned centre of fundamental research and one of the world’s leading institutions investigating the structure of matter. DESY is a member of the Helmholtz Association and is supported by public funds.
DKRZ – German Climate Computing Centre
The German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ) provides high-performance computing services tailored to climate research. Its mission is to install and operate a high-performance computer system for basic and applied research in earth system sciences and to provide the associated services such as optimisation, parallelisation, data management and data visualisation.
Research vessel Polarstern
The research vessel Polarstern was first commissioned in 1982. Since then it has completed almost 300 expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic. Specially designed for working in polar seas, Polarstern is still one of the most sophisticated polar research and supply vessels in the world.
FLASH – free-electron laser in Hamburg
FLASH at DESY in Hamburg was the first laser worldwide in the ultraviolet and soft X-ray range. Starting as a user facility in 2005, it was then enhanced with a second light-generating beamline, which made it the first FEL serving two beamlines at the same time and enabled it to retain its globally unique status.
